Understanding the underlying mechanism

Dementia involves  progressive neurodegeneration  . In conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, abnormal protein deposits accumulate in the brain, disrupting communication between neurons.

Over time, this leads to:

• synaptic dysfunction

• Retraction of brain tissue

• Cognitive impairment

The first symptoms may be subtle, but they gradually intensify.

When to seek medical attention

Immediate medical evaluation is recommended if:

• Memory loss interferes with daily life.

• Cognitive changes are persistent and worsening.

• The changes in behavior have no explanation.

The diagnosis generally includes:

• clinical cognitive assessment

• Neurological examination

• Brain imaging (magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography)

• Laboratory tests to rule out reversible causes

Some conditions that mimic dementia, such as vitamin deficiencies, thyroid disorders, depression, or medication side effects, are treatable.

Risk prevention and reduction

While not all forms of dementia can be prevented, research suggests that the risk can be reduced by:

• Maintaining cardiovascular health

• Engage in regular physical activity

• Follow a balanced diet

• Participate in cognitively stimulating activities

• Maintaining strong social connections

• Controlling chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes.

Lifestyle optimization plays a quantifiable role in cognitive resilience.

You will find the rest on the next page.